Michael Jackson

Constru-centro, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

• Stage Name: Michael Jackson

• Birth Name: Michael Joseph Jackson

• Place of Birth: Gary, Indiana, USA

• Date of Birth: August 29, 1958

• Died: June 25, 2009 (50 years)

• Years Lived: 1958 - 2009

• Genres: Pop

Early Life and Background

Birth and Family

Michael Jackson, born Michael Joseph Jackson on August 29, 1958, in Gary, Indiana, USA was the eighth of ten children in the Jackson family. His parents, Joseph Jackson and Katherine Jackson, played crucial roles in shaping his early life. Joseph was a steel mill worker who also managed the Jackson 5, while Katherine was a devout Jehovah’s Witness and homemaker. Michael’s siblings include Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, Randy, Rebbie, La Toya, and Janet Jackson, many of whom also pursued careers in music.

Childhood

Michael’s childhood was marked by his early entrance into the world of music and entertainment. His father, Joseph, recognized the musical talents of his children and formed the Jackson 5 in 1964, with Michael, at just six years old, quickly becoming the lead singer due to his powerful voice and natural charisma. The group performed at local talent shows and clubs, gaining popularity with their dynamic performances. Michael’s early exposure to the rigors of show business instilled a strong work ethic but also subjected him to the pressures and challenges of fame from a young age.

Education

Michael Jackson’s formal education took a back seat to his burgeoning music career. He attended Gardner Street Elementary School in Los Angeles briefly but mostly received private tutoring due to his demanding performance schedule with the Jackson 5. Despite the unconventional education, Michael’s early musical education was rich and diverse. He was heavily influenced by the Motown sound, studying the techniques of artists like James Brown and Diana Ross. This early immersion in music, combined with the mentorship of Motown founder Berry Gordy, helped Michael develop his distinctive voice and performance style.

Michael’s formative years laid the foundation for his future success, blending the influences of his family, the Motown era, and his relentless drive to excel in the world of music.

Musical Beginnings

First Encounters with Music

Michael Jackson’s first encounters with music were deeply rooted in his family environment. Growing up in a musical household, Michael was exposed to various genres and styles from an early age. His initial interest in music was influenced by his mother, Katherine, who played the piano and sang, and his father, Joseph, who played the guitar. Michael’s natural talent for singing and dancing became evident very early on, and he quickly became a standout performer among his siblings.

Michael’s first instrument was his voice, which he used to captivate audiences with its power and emotion. Additionally, he learned to play the congas and bongos, which added to his rhythmic understanding and stage presence. By the age of five, Michael was already performing and singing with his brothers in local talent shows and competitions, where his charisma and talent were undeniable.

Early Bands or Groups

Michael Jackson’s early foray into music was as a member of the Jackson 5, a band formed by his father, Joseph Jackson, in 1964. The group originally included Michael’s older brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon. Michael, the youngest member at the time, quickly became the lead singer due to his extraordinary vocal abilities and captivating stage presence. The Jackson 5’s early performances included gigs at local clubs and talent shows around Gary, Indiana, where they built a reputation for their energetic and polished performances.

The Jackson 5’s big break came when they were discovered by Bobby Taylor of the vocal group The Vancouvers, who brought them to the attention of Berry Gordy, the founder of Motown Records. Impressed by their talent, Gordy signed the group to Motown in 1969. Their first single with Motown, “I Want You Back,” released in 1969, became a massive hit, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100. This success was followed by other chart-topping hits like “ABC,” “The Love You Save,” and “I’ll Be There,” solidifying the Jackson 5 as a major force in the music industry.

The Jackson 5’s early success marked the beginning of Michael Jackson’s illustrious career, setting the stage for his evolution into one of the most iconic and influential artists in music history.

Career Breakthrough

Discovery

The Jackson 5’s discovery was a pivotal moment in Michael Jackson’s career. The group was discovered by Bobby Taylor of the Vancouvers, who saw them perform at Chicago’s Regal Theater. Impressed by their talent and stage presence, Taylor brought them to the attention of Berry Gordy, the founder of Motown Records. In 1968, after a successful audition at Motown’s headquarters in Detroit, the Jackson 5 were signed to the label.

Gordy’s vision and Motown’s polished production helped propel the Jackson 5 to national and international stardom. Their first single, “I Want You Back,” released in 1969, showcased Michael’s powerful voice and the group’s infectious energy, marking their first major success.

Debut Release

The Jackson 5’s debut single, “I Want You Back,” was released on October 7, 1969. The song quickly climbed the charts, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in January 1970. The success of “I Want You Back” was followed by a string of hits, including “ABC,” “The Love You Save,” and “I’ll Be There,” all of which also topped the Billboard Hot 100.

The group’s debut album, Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5, was released in December 1969. It received positive reviews and further established the Jackson 5 as a force in the music industry. Michael’s performance on these tracks, with his emotive voice and dynamic presence, was particularly highlighted, setting him apart as a rising star.

Significant Performances

The Jackson 5 quickly became known for their electrifying live performances, which played a significant role in their early success. Some notable early performances and tours include:

1. The Ed Sullivan Show: The Jackson 5 made their debut on this iconic TV show on December 14, 1969. Their performance of “I Want You Back” captivated the audience and introduced them to millions of viewers.
2. The Hollywood Palace: Hosted by Diana Ross, this performance on October 18, 1969, was one of their first major television appearances, further boosting their popularity.
3. First National Tour: In 1970, the Jackson 5 embarked on their first national tour, performing in major cities across the United States. Their energetic performances and Michael’s charismatic stage presence won them a devoted fan base.
4. Motown’s 25th Anniversary Special: Although this performance took place later in Michael’s career (1983), it is worth mentioning for its significance. Michael’s solo performance of “Billie Jean,” featuring the debut of his famous moonwalk, became a defining moment in his career and a highlight of his live performance history.

These performances helped cement the Jackson 5’s reputation as one of the most exciting and dynamic acts of their time, while also establishing Michael Jackson as a future solo superstar.

Rise to Fame

Major Albums and Hits

Michael Jackson’s rise to fame as a solo artist began in earnest in the late 1970s and continued throughout the 1980s and 1990s with a series of groundbreaking albums and hit singles that reshaped the music industry.

1. Off the Wall (1979)
   • Hit Singles: “Don’t Stop ‘Til You Get Enough,” “Rock with You”
   • Impact: This album marked Michael’s transition from child star to adult superstar. It showcased his versatility and ability to blend pop, funk, R&B, and disco. Produced by Quincy Jones, Off the Wall was a commercial success and received critical acclaim.
2. Thriller (1982)
   • Hit Singles: “Billie Jean,” “Thriller,” “Beat It”
   • Impact: Thriller is the best-selling album of all time, with estimated sales of over 66 million copies worldwide. The album’s music videos, especially “Thriller,” revolutionized the medium and are credited with breaking down racial barriers on MTV. Thriller cemented Michael Jackson’s status as the King of Pop.
3. Bad (1987)
   • Hit Singles: “Bad,” “The Way You Make Me Feel,” “Man in the Mirror”
   • Impact: Bad was another massive success, producing five consecutive number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100. The album’s extensive world tour further solidified Michael’s global superstar status.
4. Dangerous (1991)
   • Hit Singles: “Black or White,” “Remember the Time”
   • Impact: With Dangerous, Michael continued to innovate, incorporating new jack swing and socially conscious themes. The album was a commercial success and continued his streak of influential and chart-topping music.
5. HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995)
   • Hit Singles: “Scream,” “You Are Not Alone”
   • Impact: A double album featuring a greatest hits collection and new material, HIStory addressed personal and social issues, showcasing Michael’s resilience and artistry.

Awards and Recognition

Michael Jackson’s career was adorned with numerous awards and recognitions, reflecting his impact on the music industry and popular culture.

1. Grammy Awards: Michael won 13 Grammy Awards, including a record-breaking eight in 1984 for Thriller.
2. American Music Awards: He received 26 American Music Awards, including the Artist of the Century Award.
3. MTV Video Music Awards: Michael won the Video Vanguard Award, which was later renamed the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award in his honor.
4. Billboard Music Awards: He was honored with numerous Billboard Music Awards throughout his career.
5. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: Michael was inducted twice, once as a member of the Jackson 5 and once as a solo artist.

Collaborations

Michael Jackson collaborated with numerous artists, producers, and songwriters, contributing to his innovative and diverse sound.

1. Quincy Jones: Producer of Off the Wall, Thriller, and Bad, Quincy Jones played a crucial role in shaping Michael’s sound.
2. Paul McCartney: Collaborated on the hit singles “The Girl Is Mine” and “Say Say Say.”
3. Stevie Wonder: Worked together on “Just Good Friends” from the Bad album.
4. Eddie Van Halen: Played the iconic guitar solo on “Beat It.”
5. Siedah Garrett: Co-wrote and sang on “I Just Can’t Stop Loving You.”

These collaborations not only enhanced Michael’s music but also showcased his ability to blend different genres and styles, further solidifying his position as a versatile and influential artist.

Personal Life

Relationships

Michael Jackson’s personal relationships were often under public scrutiny, from his high-profile marriages to his role as a father.

1. Marriages:
   • Lisa Marie Presley: Michael married Lisa Marie Presley, the daughter of Elvis Presley, on May 26, 1994. Their marriage attracted significant media attention, but it ended in divorce in 1996.
   • Debbie Rowe: Michael married Debbie Rowe, a dermatology nurse, on November 13, 1996. The couple had two children together, Michael Joseph “Prince” Jackson Jr. and Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson. They divorced in 1999, and Michael received full custody of the children.
2. Children:
   • Michael had three children: Michael Joseph “Prince” Jackson Jr. (born 1997), Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson (born 1998), and Prince Michael “Blanket” Jackson II (born 2002), who was born via a surrogate mother. Michael was known for his dedication to his children and often shielded them from the public eye to protect their privacy.

Challenges

Michael Jackson faced numerous personal struggles, controversies, and setbacks throughout his life.

1. Legal Issues and Allegations: Michael was accused of child sexual abuse in 1993 and 2003. The 1993 case was settled out of court, and in 2005, he was acquitted of all charges. These allegations had a profound impact on his career and personal life, leading to intense media scrutiny and public speculation.
2. Health Issues: Michael’s health was a constant concern. He suffered from vitiligo, a skin condition that caused depigmentation, and lupus, an autoimmune disease. He also faced numerous injuries, including severe burns during a Pepsi commercial shoot in 1984, which required extensive treatment and surgeries.
3. Financial Troubles: Despite his immense success, Michael faced financial difficulties in the later years of his life. His extravagant lifestyle and legal battles drained his finances, leading to the eventual sale of some of his assets.

Philanthropy

Michael Jackson was deeply involved in philanthropy, supporting numerous causes and contributing significantly to various charities.

1. Heal the World Foundation: In 1992, Michael founded the Heal the World Foundation, dedicated to improving the lives of children and addressing world issues such as hunger, homelessness, and child exploitation.
2. Charitable Donations and Events: Michael supported numerous charities, including the United Negro College Fund, Make-A-Wish Foundation, and the Elizabeth Taylor AIDS Foundation. He also participated in and organized benefit concerts, such as the “We Are the World” project in 1985, which raised funds for famine relief in Africa.
3. Humanitarian Efforts: Michael’s humanitarian work extended beyond financial contributions. He visited hospitals, orphanages, and impoverished areas around the world, often bringing attention to pressing social issues and using his influence to advocate for positive change.

Michael Jackson’s personal life was marked by significant highs and lows, with his relationships, challenges, and philanthropic efforts shaping his legacy as a complex and multifaceted individual. Despite the controversies and struggles, his dedication to his family and charitable work remains an integral part of his story.

Musical Style and Influence

Genre and Style

Michael Jackson’s musical style was a unique blend of various genres, creating a sound that was distinctly his own.

1. Musical Genre: Michael’s music encompassed pop, R&B, rock, funk, soul, and disco. This fusion allowed him to appeal to a broad audience and remain relevant across different musical eras.
2. Signature Sound: Michael’s signature sound was characterized by his powerful and emotive vocal range, intricate vocal harmonies, and rhythmic precision. His ability to seamlessly transition between different vocal registers, combined with his use of falsetto and distinctive vocal hiccups, set him apart from other artists.
3. Dance and Performance: Michael’s style was not limited to his music; his innovative dance moves, including the moonwalk, the robot, and the anti-gravity lean, became iconic. His music videos and live performances were known for their elaborate choreography and theatrical elements, which set new standards in the industry.

Influences

Michael Jackson drew inspiration from a wide range of artists and genres, which shaped his musical development and artistic vision.

1. James Brown: Known as the “Godfather of Soul,” James Brown’s dynamic stage presence and energetic performances greatly influenced Michael’s approach to live shows and dance.
2. Diana Ross: As a mentor and close friend, Diana Ross influenced Michael’s early career, particularly his vocal style and stage persona.
3. Motown Sound: Growing up with Motown, Michael was influenced by the label’s polished production techniques and the soulful sounds of artists like Stevie Wonder and Marvin Gaye.
4. The Beatles: The Beatles’ innovative approach to music and production had a significant impact on Michael, especially their use of studio technology and songwriting techniques.
5. Fred Astaire and Gene Kelly: Michael admired the dance styles of Fred Astaire and Gene Kelly, incorporating elements of their elegance and precision into his own dance routines.

Impact on Music

Michael Jackson’s contributions to the music industry were monumental, influencing countless artists and leaving an indelible mark on popular culture.

1. Pioneering Music Videos: Michael revolutionized the music video format with iconic videos like “Thriller,” “Beat It,” and “Billie Jean.” These videos were not just promotional tools but cinematic experiences that elevated the art form and set a new benchmark for creativity and production quality.
2. Breaking Racial Barriers: Michael’s success helped break down racial barriers in the music industry, particularly with his significant presence on MTV, a platform that had previously been criticized for its lack of diversity.
3. Innovative Production: Michael’s collaboration with producer Quincy Jones resulted in some of the most innovative and influential albums of all time. Their use of advanced studio techniques and diverse musical elements set new standards for pop and R&B production.
4. Global Influence: Michael’s music and humanitarian efforts had a global impact, making him a cultural ambassador and a symbol of unity and change. His influence extended beyond music to fashion, dance, and social issues.
5. Legacy: Michael Jackson’s legacy continues to inspire new generations of artists across various genres. His groundbreaking work in music, dance, and entertainment has made him an enduring icon whose influence is still felt today.

Michael Jackson’s genre-blending music, innovative style, and far-reaching influence have cemented his place as one of the most significant and transformative figures in the history of music.

Later Career and Legacy

Continued Success

Michael Jackson continued to release successful albums and embark on major tours throughout the later stages of his career.

1. Dangerous (1991)
   • Impact: The album marked a departure from his earlier work with Quincy Jones, featuring new jack swing and incorporating elements of hip-hop and rock. It was a commercial success, selling over 30 million copies worldwide.
   • Tours: The Dangerous World Tour, which ran from 1992 to 1993, was a global success, further solidifying his status as an international superstar.
2. HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995)
   • Impact: A double album with one disc of greatest hits and another of new material, HIStory addressed personal and social issues, including his response to the allegations and media scrutiny he faced.
   • Tours: The HIStory World Tour (1996-1997) was one of his most extensive tours, spanning five continents and reaching millions of fans.
3. Invincible (2001)
   • Impact: Although it did not match the commercial success of his previous albums, Invincible was still a major release, featuring hits like “You Rock My World.” It showcased Michael’s continued relevance in the music industry.
   • Ongoing Projects: Michael remained active in music and entertainment, planning projects and new material, including work on his anticipated “This Is It” concert series.

Retirement or Passing

Michael Jackson’s career came to an abrupt end with his untimely death on June 25, 2009.

1. Final Performances: Leading up to his death, Michael was preparing for a series of comeback concerts titled “This Is It.” These concerts were set to take place at The O2 Arena in London and were highly anticipated by fans worldwide. Unfortunately, he passed away during rehearsals, just weeks before the first show.
2. Passing: Michael died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication at his home in Los Angeles. His death was ruled a homicide, and his personal physician, Dr. Conrad Murray, was later convicted of involuntary manslaughter.

Posthumous Releases and Tributes

Michael Jackson’s legacy has been honored and celebrated through various posthumous releases and tributes.

1. This Is It (2009): A documentary film featuring rehearsal footage from Michael’s planned “This Is It” concert series. The film was a commercial success and gave fans a glimpse of what would have been his final tour.
2. Michael (2010): A posthumous album featuring previously unreleased tracks and new material. The album received mixed reviews but was a commercial success.
3. Xscape (2014): Another posthumous album featuring unreleased tracks that were contemporized by modern producers. It was well-received by critics and fans alike.
4. Tributes and Commemorations: Numerous tributes have been made in honor of Michael Jackson, including special performances, documentaries, and statues. The annual Michael Jackson Day is celebrated on his birthday, August 29, by fans worldwide.
5. Cirque du Soleil Shows: Two Cirque du Soleil shows, “Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour” and “Michael Jackson: One,” have been created to celebrate his music and legacy. These shows have toured globally and been well-received by audiences.

Michael Jackson’s influence continues to be felt through ongoing tributes, new generations of artists citing him as an inspiration, and his enduring presence in popular culture. His legacy as one of the greatest entertainers of all time remains unchallenged.

Discography

Albums

1. Got to Be There (1972) – Motown
2. Ben (1972) – Motown
3. Music & Me (1973) – Motown
4. Forever, Michael (1975) – Motown
5. Off the Wall (1979) – Epic
6. Thriller (1982) – Epic
7. Bad (1987) – Epic
8. Dangerous (1991) – Epic
9. HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995) – Epic
10. Invincible (2001) – Epic
11. Michael (2010) – Epic
12. Xscape (2014) – Epic

Singles

1. “I Want You Back” (1969) – Jackson 5
   • Billboard Hot 100: #1
2. “ABC” (1970) – Jackson 5
   • Billboard Hot 100: #1
3. “Never Can Say Goodbye” (1971) – Jackson 5
   • Billboard Hot 100: #2
4. “Ben” (1972) – Michael Jackson
   • Billboard Hot 100: #1
5. “Don’t Stop ‘Til You Get Enough” (1979) – Off the Wall
   • Billboard Hot 100: #1
6. “Rock with You” (1980) – Off the Wall
   • Billboard Hot 100: #1
7. “Billie Jean” (1983) – Thriller
   • Billboard Hot 100: #1
8. “Beat It” (1983) – Thriller
   • Billboard Hot 100: #1
9. “Thriller” (1983) – Thriller
   • Billboard Hot 100: #4
10. “Bad” (1987) – Bad
    • Billboard Hot 100: #1
11. “The Way You Make Me Feel” (1987) – Bad
    • Billboard Hot 100: #1
12. “Man in the Mirror” (1988) – Bad
    • Billboard Hot 100: #1
13. “Black or White” (1991) – Dangerous
    • Billboard Hot 100: #1
14. “Remember the Time” (1992) – Dangerous
    • Billboard Hot 100: #3
15. “You Are Not Alone” (1995) – HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I
    • Billboard Hot 100: #1
16. “Scream” (1995) – HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I
    • Billboard Hot 100: #5

Collaborations

1. “Say Say Say” (1983) – Paul McCartney
   • Billboard Hot 100: #1
2. “The Girl Is Mine” (1982) – Paul McCartney
   • Billboard Hot 100: #2
3. “Just Good Friends” (1987) – Stevie Wonder
   • Billboard Hot 100: #14
4. “Beat It” (1983) – Eddie Van Halen (guitar solo)
   • Billboard Hot 100: #1
5. “I Just Can’t Stop Loving You” (1987) – Siedah Garrett
   • Billboard Hot 100: #1
6. “We Are the World” (1985) – USA for Africa
   • Billboard Hot 100: #1

Michael Jackson’s discography highlights his evolution as an artist and his significant impact on the music industry. His albums and singles continue to be celebrated for their innovation and influence, and his collaborations with other artists remain iconic contributions to music.

Conclusion

Summary of Impact

Michael Jackson’s impact on music and culture is profound and enduring. Known as the “King of Pop,” Jackson revolutionized the music industry with his innovative approach to music production, music videos, and live performances. His work in the 1980s, particularly with the album Thriller, not only set new standards for pop music but also transformed the music video medium into a major art form. Jackson’s influence extended beyond music, affecting dance, fashion, and global entertainment. His ability to blend genres and push the boundaries of the medium has left an indelible mark on popular culture.

1. Musical Innovation: Jackson’s pioneering use of studio technology and genre-blending techniques reshaped pop and R&B music. His collaboration with producer Quincy Jones led to some of the most influential albums in music history.
2. Music Videos: Jackson’s music videos, such as “Thriller,” “Billie Jean,” and “Beat It,” set new standards for visual storytelling in music and became cultural touchstones.
3. Live Performances: His elaborate live performances and groundbreaking dance routines, including the moonwalk, redefined live entertainment and set a new bar for performers worldwide.
4. Social Impact: Jackson used his platform to address social issues, promote humanitarian causes, and advocate for positive change, influencing public perception and raising awareness about critical global issues.

Legacy

Michael Jackson’s legacy is remembered for its extraordinary contributions to music and culture, as well as his profound influence on future generations of artists.

1. Cultural Icon: Jackson remains a cultural icon whose music continues to resonate with audiences around the world. His innovative contributions to music and entertainment have inspired countless artists across various genres.
2. Influence on Future Generations: Many contemporary artists cite Jackson as a major influence, from his vocal style and dance moves to his approach to music videos and stage performances. His work has paved the way for modern pop and R&B artists, shaping the direction of contemporary music.
3. Memorials and Tributes:
   • Tributes: Numerous tributes have been made to honor Jackson’s legacy, including tribute concerts, special performances, and documentary films such as “This Is It” and “Michael Jackson’s Journey from Motown to Off the Wall.”
   • Monuments: Statues and memorials have been erected in his honor, including a statue at the Hollywood Walk of Fame and various installations around the world.
   • Anniversary Celebrations: Jackson’s birthday, August 29, is celebrated by fans globally as Michael Jackson Day, with events and activities commemorating his life and work.

Michael Jackson’s legacy endures through his timeless music, innovative artistry, and profound impact on the entertainment industry. His contributions to music, dance, and humanitarian causes ensure that he will be remembered as one of the most influential and transformative artists in history.